TOXIN PRODUCING MICROMYCETES OF THE GENUS PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS ON BERRIES, GRAPES, AND TOMATO FRUITS IN SLOVAK STORES

In this study, contamination by microscopic fungi (focused on Penicillium and Aspergillus species) of 75 fruit samples (strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, raspberries, grapes) 29 tomato samples, which were obtained from Slovak stores was investigated. Totally 93.3% contaminated with micromycetes (70.6% Botrytis spp., 52.0% Cladosporium 42.7% 13.3% Rhizopus 8.0% Alternaria 6.7% Mucor 5.3% 4.0% Fusarium 1.3% Epicoccum spp.) yeasts. The presence 15 species the genus in fruits, namely P. atramentosum, aurantiogriseum, brevicompactum, bialowiezense, citrinum, crustosum, digitatum, expansum, fellutanum, glabrum, hordei, italicum, kiamense, olsonii, purpurescens found. With highest frequency, brevicompactum (12.0%) expansum (10.7%) isolated fruits. Four isolates (A. section Clavati, A. Flavi, two Nigri). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) used for testing mycotoxin production selected fungal isolates. Overall, tested one Clavati proved ability to produce at least mycotoxins. As 93.1% filamentous (79.3% 24.1% spp. 10.3% 6.9% 3.4% 65.5% occurrence 8 (P. griseofulvum, sublectaticum, thomii), (from Circumdati Flavi) recorded. olsonii (58.6%) griseofulvum (10.3%) frequency. All 7 (100.0%) 1 isolate (section Flavi), tomatoes, had Flavi tomatoes origin) produced 5.5 µg.mL-1 aflatoxin B1, 4.2 B2, 154.4 G1, 5.6 G2 14th day cultivation liquid YES medium 25±1 °C darkness, detected high pressure (HPLC).